1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
a. When was the Library of Congress founded?
b. When and how was it destroyed?
c. What was the reason for establishing the American Library Association?
d. What is the main task of the system?
The Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LC) was founded in 1800 for the use of both houses of Congress, the President and the Vice-President. In 1814 during the war with Great Britain the enemy soldiers marched into Washington, set fire to the Capitol and destroyed the Library of Congress. After the end of hostilities, the Congress set about replacing the collections on a far grander scale than the original one. Soon Jefferson's private library was purchased and it was the foundation of a new LC - very different from the one that had been burned. In 1840 it started a wide exchange program with many libraries both at home and abroad. In 1871 the old copyright act was broadened to require the deposit of a copy of any printed matter in LC and soon it became the largest library in the country. In 1897 LC moved to its present premises.
The 19th century closed with a rise of professionalism in education, the spread of free public libraries, the establishment and growth of colleges and universities throughout the country and increase of popular, cheap publications. The resultant creation of libraries in every town and on every university campus called for organization and agreement on the science of librarianship. As a result, American Library Association was established in 1876. Outstanding librarians tried to work out a basic set of rules by which all books would be identified and classified in a similar way so that anyone could quickly find what he was looking for. They wanted centralized cataloging and felt the need for a system of inter library loans by which the collections of many libraries could be mutually shared so that the sum total would be vastly greater than the constituent parts. Such a system was indeed established to support scholarship throughout the nation.
Source: http://www.ranepa.ru/images/olimpic/archive/2013-2014/eng_z.pdf
2. Find synonyms for the following words in the text:
huge -
to wish -
3. Find antonyms for the following words in the text:
to decrease -
similar -
4. Read the statements and decide if they are True (T) or False (F).
a. The Library of Congress was founded in 1814.
b. The soldiers destroyed the Library of Congress.
c. Librarianship was result of creating libraries in every town and even university campus.
d. Librarians did not wanted a centralized cataloging.
e. This system was finally not established.
5. Identify the main idea of the text and comment on it in 25 words.
6. Listen to the audio and answer the following questions:
1. Why did they kidnap the boy?
2. How did they make the car to stop ?
3. How did the boy react?
4. What was the police doing?
5. Will they (the judicial system) punish the kidnappers?
7. Put the verbs in the bracket into correct form.
a. Yesterday afternoon it __________ (still , to rain) when I __________ (to get ) home.
b. He __________ (to clean) the car when the phone rang., so he __________ (not, to answer) it.
c. When I __________ (to be) little, my mother __________ (to use ) to feed me.
d. Jane's clothes were wet. She __________ (to wash) her dog.
e. Jerry __________ (to be) nervous. for he __________ (never, to fly) in an airplane before.
f. When the Queen __________ (to arrive), the audience will stand up.
g. By retirement, the couple __________ (to accomplish) a lot.
h. I __________ (to work) for him for ten years and he never once __________ (to say) 'Good morning' to me.
Homework
8. In about 120 words, write an argumentative essay examples to support your point of view.
"Poor people cannot rely on the government to come to help them in times of needs. They have to get education. Then nobody control their destiny."
Charles Barkley